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";font-size:15px;font-family:Georgia-Bold;color:#000000;font-weight:bold">Argument Construction
Situation Manufacturing jobs are created either within existing companies or in startups. Manufacturing jobs at existing firms are being created at a much slower rate this year than last year. It seems likely that the number of new start-upsv will not exceed last year’s number and that the average number of manufacturing jobs per start-up will not exceed last year’s number. So fewer manufacturing jobs are likely to be created this year than last year.
Reasoning What function is served by the statement that any new manufacturing job is created either within an existing company or by the start-up of a new company? What function is served by the statement that there is no reason to think that the new companies starting up this year will create more jobs per company than did last year’s start-ups? The first statement makes explicit a general background assumption that there are just two ways in which manufacturing jobs are created. This assumption is used, along with other information, to support the argument’s main conclusion, i.e., the prediction about job creation this year. The second statement gives a premise meant to help support the prediction about this year’s manufacturing-job creation.
A. The first is a general statement making explicit an assumption on which the argument’s reasoning depends, but the second is a statement affirmed as part of the argument and does not express a claim that the argument challenges.
B. The first is a generalization that is simply stated, without any support being offered. The second is not a conclusion and is not offered in support of the first.
C. The second is not presented as a challenge to the generalization that is given in the first statement. The argument does not seek to establish the first statement, but merely asserts it.
D. The second is information offered in support of the argument’s main conclusion rather than a statement offered in support of a position opposed by the argument.
E. Correct. The first, stating a truism, is merely asserted and requires no support in the argument, for which it provides a foundation; the second is a piece of information meant to support the prediction that is the argument’s main conclusion.
The correct answer is E.
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